https://repository.ukwk.ac.id/handle/123456789/53 Dokumen Karya Tulis Dosen Unika Widya Karya Malang dalam Book Chapter 2026-04-25T01:41:10Z https://repository.ukwk.ac.id/handle/123456789/2036 Title: A Study on Toughness Contribution to Structural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beam Authors: Patty, Agnes H.; Yoedono, Benedictus Sonny; Sunik, Sunik Abstract: The term of toughness is one of the fracture parameters which describes the ability of structures to remain deformed while collapsing. Toughness can be expressed as both, strain energy release rate G or as stress intensity factor K. This study deals with how reinforcement influences toughness K to divert rapid to gradual failure. Wedge forces developed by cohesiveness between rebars and concrete are the main concern in transforming elastic to plastic behavior by means reducing the value of stress intensity factor K. Three-point bend beam as a specimen with mode I fracture of (150 300) mm dimension with 100 mm initial crack was conducted in the analytical processing. The specimen was reinforced by 4#12mm steel bars. Wedge forces ‘p’ due to reinforce- ment tensile T developed by composite action between concrete and reinforcement prevailed K P I 1⁄4 441:613 Nmm1:5 whereas stress intensity factor due to load for beam without reinforcement K P I 1⁄4 482:7 Nmm1:5 . Hence, the stress intensity factor due to the contribution of reinforcement K R I 1⁄4 41:087 Nmm1:5 which is greater than the critical toughness KIc = 22:136 Nmm1:5 . By applying the term strain energy release rate G in conjunction with stress intensity factor K through the relationship K 1⁄4 ffiffiffiffiffiffiffi EG p , resulting in G is close to 35 N/m, a value under which normal plain concrete would fail. 2023-07-26T00:00:00Z https://repository.ukwk.ac.id/handle/123456789/54 Title: THE PATIENT'S RIGHT TO INFORMED CONSENT Authors: Susanti, Diah Imaningrum 2003-08-01T00:00:00Z